RESUMEN
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), third acute infectious illness, instigated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, confirmed as infectious disease pandemic globally by World health organization, spread rapidly in China and then worldwide. As the novel coronavirus pandemic spreads globally with overwhelming outcomes on individual health, pets and animals have also become unnecessary targets amongst the pandemic panic. In the face of a global pandemic, domesticated and companion animals are relegated to the most vulnerable stratification of society. Prolonged lockdown has greatly reduced food resources for animals. This situation is worrying for all of us that so far the welfare of animals in lockdown situations has not been managed. The author provides an overview of rapidly expanding COVID-19 current perspective, its impact on domestic, pets, wild animals and managemental strategies are also discussed. Inappropriately, even though pets and other animal species have continually served as sentinels for emergent transmissible infections, they are currently not included in prerogative of any federal agency and are not under reconnaissance. This review also highlights the role of organizations that are providing food supplies for pets in this pandemic of COVID-19. This article also emphasizes on programmatic and legislative developments of animal welfare and offers suggestions to protect the nature, pets and wildlife during pandemic situations. There is also a need to divert the attention of people towards the safety of domestic animals as well as wild animals are compulsory for their survival.
RESUMEN
Background and objective The ambiguous nature and high infectivity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused soaring morbidity and mortality worldwide. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is preferred for detecting COVID-19. However, its poor sensitivity and the emerging use of high-resolution CT (HRCT) scan for disease severity make the use of RT-PCR quite obsolete. In light of this, our study aimed to explore the beneficial role of HRCT and compare the HRCT findings across various patient demographics and parameters. Methods This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19. All patients underwent a chest HRCT scan preceded by RT-PCR testing. We used the CT severity score (CTSS) of the chest to calculate disease severity. Demographical data and results of radiological findings were tabulated and compared across RT-PCR positivity, age, and gender. Independent samples t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results Glass ground opacity was the most prevalent finding in 99% of the patients, followed by lymph node involvement, consolidation, and crazy-paving pattern. Pleural effusion was observed in only 10% of the patients while pericardial effusion and hiatal hernia were present in 5%. In RT-PCR-positive patients, the posterior basal segment of the lower lobe of the right and left lungs were found to be dominantly involved; however, the upper and middle lobes of the right lung were more commonly involved than the left lung. The mean CTSS was significantly higher in patients aged above 50 years (p<0.001). The mean CTSS of RT-PCR-negative patients was higher than that of RT-PCR-positive patients (15.18 vs. 14.31, p=0.537). Conclusion RT-PCR has a limited role in the diagnosis of COVID-19. The HRCT scan can detect typical COVID-19 findings even in patients with negative RT-PCR results. Moreover, the use of HRCT scan in determining the disease severity and extent of lung damage can lead to a better assessment of critically ill patients.
RESUMEN
In 1st quarter of 21st century, with the appearance of novel coronavirus, the world is facing a disastrous pandemic of COVID-19 originated from China. The pandemic intensity differs from country to country and the most affected countries are Italy, Spain, France, UK and USA in terms of the mortality ratio while virus is spreading rapidly in more than 180 countries of Europe, Australia, North and South American, Asia and least affecting the African continents. In Pakistan, there have been total 2,389,827 active infections, 1,446,574 recoveries and 280,697 deaths worldwide to date (10/05/2020) which is more than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The outbreak of SARS, affected 8098 individuals with 774 deaths and 9.7% fatality rate while MERS-CoV has 2494 cases, 858 deaths and 34% fatality rate. The COVID-19 epidemic has established anxious condition all over the world which exhibited the adverse effects on physical and mental health of individuals. This review discusses comparative analysis of confirmed cases, number of deaths and highlighting the impact of COVID-19 on daily life, international trade, business, education, transport and global economy. This article summarizes the present state of information and will enhance our knowledge to understand the COVID?19 distinctive features and improve our preventive measures in future. Thus, during this period of great stress, there is requirement of new interdisciplinary methodology with collaboration of sociologists, scholars, epidemiologists, anthropologists, public health experts and virologists to have a change in our activities and behavior to environment in confronting an emergency.
RESUMEN
The occurrence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unparalleled health enlightenment challenge. It's extremely contagious and erratically lethal, and the pervasiveness of asymptomatic prevalence makes it difficult to contain. All infectious disease epidemics rear ethical concerns, from the restraint of individual independence to triaging and resource provision. It seems that we did not take lessons from the preceding epidemics and were poorly prepared to pledge with the threat that COVID-19 epidemic has put forward. The COVID-19 epidemic highlighted the significance of this query to both pandemic preparation strategies and healthcare policies. As the outbreak turned out to be a global pandemic, there is an improved emphasis on finding answers for vaccine preparation, focusing on neglected diseases, more virome study, and research collaboration across the globe in the future, being key tools to resist infection spread in future. Decelerating the COVID-19 spread necessitates people to enthusiastically transform their lives and monitor the finest practices for social isolation and sanitation. This review provides an overview of future research perceptions and offers suggestions on how we can help people to believe in normal life and how this pandemic will strengthen the trade, affect the individual habits and values, revolution in primary health care after these uncertain situations.